Health Promotion In Relation To Holistic Care

Health Promotion In Relation To Holistic CareThis essay will attempt to discuss the signifi stoogece of the link mingled with health promotion and holistic veneration for the patient. Firstly, the patient will be introduced and a definition of holistic care and assessment will be given. Secondly, the health promotion model and care for interventions will be described and discussed. Finally this essay will reflect on the strong point utilising of health promotion models care rounded up by a conclusion of the findings. Names in this essay form been changed to protect the patients identity and maintain confidentiality in accordance with the nursing and midwifery councils guidelines (NMC, 2008). Verbal consent was obtained by the client and her family, to use their basic anonymised details.The patient, who for the purpose of this essay shall be known as Jane, is 21 years grey-haired and has an acquired brain injury (ABI) following a road traffic accident. An ABI is defined by Head way (2010), the brain injury association, as an injury caused to the brain since birth. Jane has problems computer storage in set upion and continually repeats what she says, and also repetition of speech, known as perseveration. Jane was originally admitted onto the neuro rehabilitation ward to address challenging demeanours at home and following triple-crown interventions was due to be discharged when an appropriate care package could be put into place. Due to the complexity of Janes condition her care package was taking seven-day than planned. While waiting for discharge, Jane, who usually lives at home with her mother, has undertaken many home visits. It then became apparent that Jane was losing weighting to the extent that she had become underweight and it became necessary for this to be addressed in the beginning Jane could be discharged.It was important that Janes weight was addressed as after a Mal diet Universal Screening Tool (MUST) assessment was carried out it was c onclude that Jane was at high risk from mal maintenance. MUST is a screening tool that recognizes malnutrition and those at risk of malnutrition. It raises multidisciplinary working which improve clinical topic (BAPEN 2003). At 5 foot 7 inches and weighing 53 kilograms Janes body mass index (BMI) was 19. She also had lost approximately 0.5 kilograms a week for the prior four weeks content she had lost nearly 5 percent of her body weight. Best (p.23, 2008) separates that malnutrition is caused by an inadequate availability of nutrients, because of either poor intake or deficiency as a result of disease. It is widely accepted that adequate nutrition plays an important role in maintaining optimal health. Following a healthy diet has tons of benefits, non only physically but mentally too. According to the World Health Organization (1948) health is a state of complete physical, mental and well-disposed well-being and non merely the absence of disease or infirmity.Following this a complete holistic assessment was carried out. The world health organisation (WHO, 2004), states that holistic theory is a concept which takes into account a patients mind, body and spirit. It includes all aspects of the client and carers life, for example, account of problems from both person and carer, psychiatric and physical health history, medication and compliance, fond history, past and current hobbies and interests, daily living skills, driving and faith/religion. Each of these elements is seen as inter-related and as equally important so when any of the elements are compromised on that point will be an inevitable effect on the others (Ellis 1999, Brooker Waugh 2007).The assessment used for the patient is a trust based holistic assessment founded on the Roper-Logan-Tierney Activities of passing(a) Living Model. Although published in 1980 this first model of nursing is just as relevant today. The model identifies the 12 activities of daily living as parley breathing eati ng and drinking eliminating sleeping dying mobilisation managing a safe environment personal cleansing and dressing work and play expressing sexuality. These activities pick out the basic health needs with the emphasis on assessing the effect of the mind, body and soul of each activity in relation to the persons health. They note how the activities are inter-related and not mutually exclusive (Roper et al 2000). They expanded on the inter-linked relationship between the patient, activities of daily living, factors which influence these activities (for example environmental factors), the lifespan and our level of dependence. It is because of these views that this model has been apply as a true holistic assessment. Hinchcliff et al (2008), Brooker Waugh (2007) and Dougherty Lister (2008) substantiate that assessment is an ongoing, complex, systematic and interactive process. It involves gathering a range of information from and about(predicate) the client and then using that info rmation to decide the care, support and intervention that is required. The information is then clearly documented as in line with the treat and Midwifery Councils guidelines (NMC 2005).Subsequent to the assessment, Jane was discussed at the weekly multi-disciplinary team up (MDT) meeting, as in accordance with the NMC code which states that nurses must work together with other professionals as a team whilst sharing and valuing each others skills and knowledge (NMC, 2008). The nurse is at the core of the clients care and can therefore communicate and negotiate the clients needs and preferences to other members of the interprofessional team (Day, 2006).Following the meeting various interventions were put in place Blood tests were ordered to check for any underlying medical causes (test results were negative). Janes weight was to be monitored on a weekly basis, food and drink charts as well as nutritional supplement charts were to be completed by nursing staff and Janes relatives wh o oft took her out for meals. The Royal College of Nursings campaign Nutrition Now (RCN 2007) suggests that patients are also monitored to make sure that they are eating the food they are offered. Protected mealtimes on the ward would be observed by all members of the multidisciplinary team as sometimes this was not adhered to. Nutrition Now (2007) also highlights the need for protected mealtimes so that there is a more relaxed atmosphere for patients to eat their meals and that they are assisted by nurses as well as healthcare staff to eat their meals. The dietician would review Janes nutritional intake Speech and language would assess Jane for any swallowing difficulties Occupational therapy would observe Jane eating and drinking before making any recommendations Janes weight would be monitored and reviewed at following MDT meetings. Auty Rennie (2007) suggest that professionals working in isolation with a client rather than in a team struggle to procure the optimum outcome fo r the client as any treatment provided could be ineffective.Janes named nurse explained to Jane issues that had been discussed at the MDT meeting and that Janes weight would need to be stabilised before she could be discharged. Also a care plan would be put in place to address this issue. Nursing staff had already identified that Jane would be worried about becoming overweight as this was something she relayed often during conversations with them. Rosenstockss health belief model (1952) cited in Glanz (2005) works by exploring peoples perception and ways to inform, encourage and motivate change. There are six move contained in this model Perceived susceptibility perceived severity perceived benefits perceived barriers cues to action self-efficacy. These steps were applied to the issue of Janes weight.Jane was worried about becoming overweight (perceived susceptibility) and she was informed of the risk to her health because of not eating enough. Janes understanding and judgement of the severity of the site were difficult. Short-term memory problems and the inability to process information and make informed decisions are common problems associated with ABI (Headway 2009). Because of this the nurse clarified to Jane how her health would be affected and that she would not be well enough to be discharged (perceived severity). Jane appeared to understand that she needed to put on weight before she could return home, it was explained that her food intake would be monitored and that the dietician had revised her diet to include high calorie foods and supplements. Jane was happy to comply with the interventions as she knew she would be discharged but she was worried that she would not be able to eat and drink enough even if she wanted to (perceived benefits). Jane was reassured that she would be given support and guidance to ensure the best possible outcome (perceived barriers). Although cues to action are directed more towards people living in the community it was a dapted to meet Janes needs, she was given information in a format she could understand and also took part in Health Eating Sessions with patients from other wards. Jane was supported and encouraged to eat snacks as well as her regular meal, food she enjoyed was made available to her at anytime. She also had regular motivational chats with her named nurse (self-efficacy).The Tannahill model (1985) cited by Downie et al (2002) was also utilised. This model defines health promotion as an approach to improving health and diminishing the risk of ill health through incorporating three processes health education prevention protection. Health education influencing peoples behaviour and attitudes encouraging positive well being and diminishing ill health. Prevention and protection to diminish the risk of disease developing by interventions, that is, primary natural endowment people the knowledge to make better choices with regard to their health, for example, risks related to smoking immuni zation. Secondary intervention Health screening for early detection, for example, smear tests, smoking cessation. 3rd Managing established disease and preventing complications, for example, rehabilitation advice after stroke or serious injury. Protection through government policies public health and health promotion programmes can improve health, reduce disease risks, manage chronic illness, improve wellbeing, promoting self-sufficiency of individuals.In conclusion the holistic assessment and health promotion and belief models have worked well for the patient. It allowed the multidisciplinary team to put together an effective care plan. The nurses involved with Janes care gave lots of encouragement and advice to Jane and because nursing staff followed the care plan Jane began lay weight on. Although the reason why she needed to do so and the reassurance that she would not become overweight had to be explained to Jane continually because of her short term memory problems. The effec tiveness of the care plan is apparent as despite NICE bringing in Providing nutritional support for adults guidelines and the introduction of specialist nutrition teams, being brought in over the last twenty years there are still patients who are somehow being missed and are under-nourished (Holder 2009). Additionally NICE guidelines (2006) state that knowledge of causes, effects and treatment of malnutrition among healthcare professional in the UK is poor. It goes on to say that all health professionals linked with patient care should be happy in knowing how to provide ample nutrition for peoples needs. This can be seen to still be a major factor in the improvement of nutrition for health. Holder (2009) asserts that nurses need to be aware of all initiatives nationally, regionally and within their own trust so they are able to provide better nutrition for their patients.1943 words

Brave New World Review :: essays research papers

Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) was born to an English family. He was a brilliant social satirist. He wrote track records about architecture, science, music, philosophy, history, and religion. This is a book of genetics in the future about 2535 A.D.. It takes place in a utopian society where people are mass-produced, then conditioned to do preset work. There are no families or marriages. The theme is freedom and how people want it, they want poetry, danger, good and bad things. They want what is theirs. The book is written in a technological way.In A.F. 632, there is a World Society. A.F. 632 stands for six hundred thirty-two years after Ford released the T-Model automobile. It is around 2535 A.D.. Ford is standardised a God. His book My Life and Work is turned into the new bible. People are born in batches of 96. One egg gives live to 96 homogeneous children through the Bodanovsky process. When babies are born, they are classified in a caste system ma de up of Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons. Everyone consumes grams of soma, to fight depression. The cinema is replaced with a form of fun called Feelie, a movie that stimulates the sense of sight, hearing, and touch. Community, Identity, Stability is the motto of this World State. Bernard Marx is intelligent, but an error in the Predestination Centre he stayed small and weak. Because of that hes an outcast, and is often left alone. Although there is no violence and everyone is provided for, Bernard feels that something is missing. He has his own vision of life.     Bernard goes to a Savage Reservation with Lenina, an Alpha-plus psychologist. They meet Linda and her son, thaumaturgy. They find out that The D.H.C., music director of Hatcheries and Conditioning is the father of John. Bernard learns that the D.H.C. is about to exile him for his uncivilized behavior when he and Lenina return to civilization. "..He Bernard has proved himself an enemy of society, a subverter, ... of all order and stability, a machinator against civilization itself." Bernard calls John and Linda from the next room, and they call upon the director as son and wife. Bernard is saved from being exiled. Bernard becomes popular because he is connected with John, the savage. Bernards friend Helmholtz becomes friends with John and they share literature with each other. John has dreamed of going to the civilized world, but he realizes that he doesnt like it anymore.

Sociological Perspectives and the Social Institution of the Family Essa

Sociological Perspectives and the amicable Institution of the FamilySociety is the subject of the social sciences. Generally Speaking society is that multifactorial social organization of human beings that character an identity inhabiting dynamic relationships and a distinctive culture. Members of a society identify themselves through that society and work in concert with other members to ensure that the rules, generally concur upon by all members to govern how they relate to each other, ar in place. Sociological perspectives are viewpoints from which we study and generalise society and its varied mechanics and elements. there are varied sociological perspectives available to social scientists for the purpose of study. What sociological perspective is used depends on the theories and purposes of the whizz undertaking the study.On FunctionalismFunctionalism, Conflict theory, and Social Interactionism are sociological perspectives that I believe can be used to study the social unit of the family. Functionalism looks at the family as if it was one mechanical entity with either member of the family taking on a role and a function affecting the whole. For example, the mother is the nurturer, support to the husband in terms of keeping the family unneurotic taking on household duties as well as economic duties the father, traditionally is head of the family whose primary function is to pop the question for the economic and financial needs of his married woman and children the children are pendent on their parents but take on an important role towards each other and to their parents. What these roles are vary according to the age of the children and their phase angle in life. In the elder years of their parents, the children are expected to become the nurture... ... for status quo will change dependent on the sway of power at any given time. From this perspective, society is continually changing and power changes hands regularly due to competition.Source s Citedhttp//www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Three-Major-Perspectives-in-Sociology.topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26837.html http//www.ohiostatepress.org/books/Book%20PDFs/Spierenburg%20Social_1.pdf http//www.articlesbase.com/relationships-articles/the-etymology-of-family-through-sociological-perspective-76439.html http//www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/conflict.htm http//www.colorado.edu/ confabulation/meta-discourses/Papers/App_Papers/Nelson.htm (Print)Adams, Bert N. & R. A. Sydie (2001), Sociological Theory, Pine contemplate Press.Blumer, Herbert (1986), Symbolic interactionism perspective and method, University of California Press. Sociological Perspectives and the Social Institution of the Family EssaSociological Perspectives and the Social Institution of the FamilySociety is the subject of the social sciences. Generally Speaking society is that complex social organization of human beings that share an identity inhabiting dynamic relationships and a distin ctive culture. Members of a society identify themselves through that society and work together with other members to ensure that the rules, generally agreed upon by all members to govern how they relate to each other, are in place. Sociological perspectives are viewpoints from which we study and understand society and its varied mechanics and elements. There are varied sociological perspectives available to social scientists for the purpose of study. What sociological perspective is used depends on the theories and purposes of the one undertaking the study.On FunctionalismFunctionalism, Conflict theory, and Social Interactionism are sociological perspectives that I believe can be used to study the social unit of the family. Functionalism looks at the family as if it was one mechanical entity with every member of the family taking on a role and a function affecting the whole. For example, the mother is the nurturer, support to the husband in terms of keeping the family together takin g on household duties as well as economic duties the father, traditionally is head of the family whose primary function is to provide for the economic and financial needs of his wife and children the children are dependent on their parents but take on an important role towards each other and to their parents. What these roles are vary according to the age of the children and their stage in life. In the elder years of their parents, the children are expected to become the nurture... ... for status quo will change dependent on the sway of power at any given time. From this perspective, society is continually changing and power changes hands regularly due to competition.Sources Citedhttp//www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Three-Major-Perspectives-in-Sociology.topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26837.html http//www.ohiostatepress.org/books/Book%20PDFs/Spierenburg%20Social_1.pdf http//www.articlesbase.com/relationships-articles/the-etymology-of-family-through-sociological-perspective-76439. html http//www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/conflict.htm http//www.colorado.edu/communication/meta-discourses/Papers/App_Papers/Nelson.htm (Print)Adams, Bert N. & R. A. Sydie (2001), Sociological Theory, Pine Forge Press.Blumer, Herbert (1986), Symbolic interactionism perspective and method, University of California Press.

Half-Caste by John Agard How effective is the light-hearted ridicule :: English Literature

Half-Caste by John Agard How effective is the light-hearted ridicule in this poetry?In the poem Half-Caste by John Agard the poet uses ridicule to put hispoint across, he uses this technique very effectively and many timesand by the end of the poem you realise how stupid the fact of someonebeing a Half Caste is.The poem is close a man from the West Indies and is c anyed Half Caste,which pith of mixed race. The poem starts off with a verseoff three lines all written in Standard English. Even in this very niggling part we can see the way the poet is using ridicule when he says braveing on one leg, this is inferring that because he is ahalf-caste he is exactly standing on one leg and that only one half thewhite half of him concocts anything to most people. It may seem like aridiculous idea that he should stand on one leg but it does show howstupid the idea that someone can only stand on one leg because he isoff mixed race.The poem consequently goes into a West Indian accent and it then makes another typesetters case like mixing colours makes him a half-caste. It then saysexplain yuself again as it did at the start of the verse, this isrepeated many times through the poem and becomes a sort of chorus. Itis then always followed by an example, in this case comparing lightand shadow to murky and white. Light and shadow is a euphemism forblack and white.The poem then goes onto a line, which really uses ridicule to get thepoint across, but whilst adding a little humour it shows an extremelyvital point that we all as individuals should think about, it saysabout English weather being half caste. We all know the joke aboutEnglish weather being fearful and traditionally always cloudy and rainy.When we say that the weather is half-caste we are really saying it isnot as good as it should be, do we also mean this when we call aperson of mixed race a half caste. That line has double intentionsas well as saying about English weather not being very good it alsoquestions o ur thoughts on people of mixed race and whether we lookdown on them.The poet then uses light hearted ridicule again when he says aboutTchaikovsky using the black and white key on a piano this is sayingthat he is not half caste but what about someone who only uses whitekeys does that make them a racist.

Abraham Lincoln :: essays research papers

Abraham capital of Nebraska was born Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. His parents were both born in Virginia. his mother, who died when he was ten years old, of a family of the name of Hanks. His father. Who moved from Kentucky to Indiana when he was eight years old. He said It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up.... Of course when I came of age I did not know much. Still somehow, I could read, write, and cipher ... but that was all." Lincoln made extraordinaire(postnominal) efforts to attain knowledge while working on a farm, splitting rails for fences, and keeping a store at New Salem, Illinois. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War, spent eight years in the Illinois legislature, and rode the circuit of courts for many years. His law partner said of him, "His ambition was a little engine that knew no rest." He married Mary Todd, they had four children togather, only one of them lived to maturity, the rest died at an early age. In 1858 Lincoln ran against Stephen A. Douglas for Senator. He lost the election, but in debating with Douglas he gained a national reputation that won him the Republican nomination for President in 1860. As President, he strengthened the Republican Party into a strong national organization. Further, he rallied most of the northern Democrats to the Union cause. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves within the Confederacy. Lincoln never let the world forget that the Civil War involved an even larger issue. This he stated most movingly in dedicating the legions cemetery at Gettysburg "that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that disposal of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Copland: 1900 through 1942 and Copland: Since 1943 :: Aaron Copland Book Report

Copland 1900 through 1942 and Copland Since 1943In their books Copland 1900 through 1942 and Copland Since 1943, Aaron Copland and Vivian Perlis give a detailed account of the spirit of one of Americas most influential composers. The books are arranged similarly to the Shostakovich biography that our class reviewed earlier this semester. That is, through personal accounts by Copland himself on with accounts of Coplands friends and acquaintances, the authors man age to paint an accurate and posting picture detailing the life of the great composer. When combined, the two books recount Coplands entire life, dividing it into two periods for the tendency of easier organization and reading. Copland was born in New York City in 1900. Copland had a large and loving family in New York. His childhood was comfortable, as his father own a de ramifyment store where Copland worked for much of his young life. Coplands get is described by the composer as affectionate and a very nice mother to h ave (pp. 18) Copland showed an early interest in music, and by the age of eleven, he had surpassed the knowledge of his older sister in the ways of the piano. As a child, he had taken lessons from his sister, but by eleven, he felt that he needed to consult an outside source in order to learn more.At the age of eighteen, Copland graduated from high school. He pursued his interest in music and began to search for a instructor who could teach him musical harmony. Coplands piano teacher suggested that he study under Rubin Goldmark who had a studio in Manhattan. Copland found Goldmark to be a very effective teacher. However, Copland and his piano teacher decided to part ways so that Copland could expand his horizons. Under Goldmark, Copland learned very effective methods of composition, but sometimes felt bogged down. Goldmark did not approve of some of Coplands interest in the more modern musical works, and Copland found this frustrating. After composing a number of Sonata-form musica l pieces with Goldmark, Copland decided he needed a budge of scenery. In 1921, Copland decided to study in France. Even as Copland left his old teacher, Goldmark stressed his traditional ideals. Before Coplands departure, Goldmark wrote I hope you go away make more progress in the Sonata formEven if you should fall into the hands of some radicals.(pp. 35)In France, Copland found a new teacher in Nadia Boulanger.

Wolves: An Unwanted Predator Essay example -- Wildlife Animals Gray Wo

Wolves An Unwanted Predator Vigorous as a predator, affectionate toward its pack, the grizzly wolf elicits both fear and admiration among humans. This fear, along with ignorance, inspired a movement to eradicate the grey wolf from the lower forty-eight states in the earlier 1900s. By the early 1930s, gray wolf populations had been completely eliminated from the Rocky plenteousnesss (Bangs, et al 147). In 1973, congress passed the Endangered Species Act that protected any wolves that naturally migrated from Canada (Bangs, et al 147). Public opinion began to shift and the value of the wolf on the ecosystem was realized. While the public support for a reintroduction increased, there remained many people who opposed the gray wolf. People living in the proposed restoration areas feared that the gray wolf would threaten both their livelihood and their personal safety. The reintroduction of the gray wolf to the Rocky Mountain Ecosystem should not be carried out because it bends the rules of the exist species act, interferes with the wolves natural migration back to the ecosystem and introduces a new threat to livestock in the area. The reintroduction of the gray wolf to the Rocky Mountain Ecosystem distorts and disregards the laws of the Endangered Species Act. The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was passed in 1973 to protect endangered species and their necessary habitat (McMurray 52). The purpose of listing a species as threatened or endangered under the ESA is to prevent that species from becoming extinct. The ESA implements recovery plans that stipulate specific regulations and restrictions regarding the threatened species and its habitat (McMurray 52). Under this act, any wolf that migrated to the United States ... ...e up for its past mistakes rather, fuss Nature will restore the natural balance of her world. Work CitedBangs, Ed., et al. Gray Wolf Restoration in the Northwestern United States. Endangered Species Update. July-August 2001. v18 i4. pp 147-152.Donnelly, Karen J., Canine In the Wild. World and I. Jan. 1999. v14 i1 pp180+.Li, Jennifer. The Wolves May Have Won the Battle, But Not the War How the West Was Won Under the Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf retrieval Plan. Environmental Law. Summer 2000. v30 i3. p677-701.McMurray, Ashley. Federal Delistings A Case Study of the Gray Wolf. Endangered Species Update. May-June 2002. v19 i3. pp 51-53.Richardson, Valerie. Decrying Wolves. National Review. March 20, 1995 pp 28, 29.United States Congress. Endangered Species Act. chapiter D.C. 1973.