music Essays (159 words) - Culture, Entertainment, Music, Sound

What Is Music? According to the dictionary music is having rhythm, melody, or harmony. But it's really underestimated, more so than anyone actually realizes! Music is a learning, a therapy, and teaching tool. Music adjusts our moods, and used throughout our lives. To lead a healthy life, we need to incorporate music. Whether playing it, listening to it, or using it. Music is therapy because of its positive changes in human behavior. The therapy consist of singing, playing instruments, moving to music, and listening to music. This builds your communication skills, motor skills and emotional development. Music comes into our lives at an early age. I wake up crying from a terrifying nightmare, looking around for my mommy. The light turns on. She comes up and sits on the bed, saying everything is O.K. I tell her a monster was coming after me, in between my heavy breathing, A light peaceful voice starts coming out of her mouth....

greek philosophy essays

greek philosophy essays Before the 6th century, scientific theories were mostly based on gods, and not fact, but this came to an end when early Greek scientists started to research science. This new era of science started with Democritus who stated that all things are made of atoms. Then it moved to Parmenides who stated that nothing changes in the universe, which has later been proven wrong by Heraclites who stated that everything is moving. Then there was the group of professors, called the sophists, who concluded that it is pointless to search for absolute truth in nature or morals. And for the most part was capped off with Socrates who stated that the unexamined life is not worth living (Gunner 29). Democritus was the man who started it all by stating that all things are made up of atoms. Now this theory was not all created by Democritus. He just expanded the theory of Leucippus. They account said Democritus for everything that has been or ever will be (Gunner 27). This was a huge break through for all of science. Nothing like this had ever been thought of, and now Democritus has this theory about everything in the universe being made up of these little tiny things called atoms. The only problem with his theory is that he also stated that the atom couldnt be broken, that it was the smallest possible thing in the universe, which was proved wrong later down the line. The next scientist to come along was Parmenides. He came to the conclusion that everything in the universe is eternal and unchanging. His theory was that Change required motion, he reasoned, and motion required empty space. But empty space equals nonexistence, which by definition does not exist (Gunner 28). He admitted that things do appear to be moving, but that is just an illusion of the senses, and was contradicted by logic, and logic was the most reliable truth. Now even though what Parmenides said did help move a...

Cultural Reflection Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cultural Reflection - Term Paper Example One particular culture that might be particularly relevant today for those in the medical field would be a traditional Muslim man. A traditional Muslim man is going to have different wants, needs, and values than a more moderate Muslim or even another culture altogether. According to an article entitled â€Å"Muslim Medicine and Healthcare,† the Islamic faith does not separate religion and science and instead links the two together (Yousif, 2011). Additionally, Yousif states that in the past few decades â€Å"there has been a renewed interest in reviving traditional Islamic medical knowledge and combining it with the latest advancements in modern medicine†(Yousif, 2011). This should indicate to a nursing professional that such a person will need to be consulted with in terms of the treatment or intervention that they will be comfortable with and also prove effective at the same time. A traditional Muslim man might not have a great desire for medical intervention due to the fact that many of the human ailments that medicine has sought to explain are deemed as â€Å"diseases of the soul† and may be treated by following the Islamic teaching as closely as possible(Yousif, 2011). Another important aspect for this particular patient would be the gender of the nursing practitioner. For a traditional Muslim man, he might exhibit discomfort at dealing with a female nurse.

Applied research methods for Business and management Essay

Applied research methods for Business and management - Essay Example The 2006 record high of global acquisitions indicates the rampancy of Mergers and Acquisitions in the recent past (Saigol and Politti, 2007). The value of worldwide acquisitions stood at more than 4 trillion US dollars in this year. Out of the 4 trillion US dollars, 1.3 trillion US dollars worth of acquisitions were cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (Saigol and Politti, 2007). The consistency of the trend spread to the first fiscal quarter of 2007 when acquisitions were valued at 1.13 trillion US dollars; making this fiscal quarter the busiest in the history of acquisitions (Henry, 2002). The value of completed acquisitions in the past two decades exceeds that of completed deals in the prior 30 years (Child et al., 2001). However, this recent upsurge comes along with the fact that about 80 percent of acquisition deals are unsuccessful (KPMG, 1999). Most empirical studies suggest that the reason for the immense failure in acquisitions is majorly the acquirers’ poor anticipation of the most probable challenges in the post-acquisition stages (Shimizu et al., 2004). The high failure rates coupled with the simultaneous high rampancy of acquisition transactions makes the concept of Mergers and Acquisitions an unexplained paradox (Arika, 2004). Academic and economic research efforts indicate that despite the failure of most acquisitions to achieve the objectives set in the pre-acquisition stage, Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions continue being popular and remain the main strategy multinational corporations use to invest directly in foreign countries (Rottig and Reus, 2005). The concurrent successes and failures of Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions beg for a well-targeted research study to examine the main causal factors for the high failure rates (Larsson and Risberg, 1998). Additionally, while numerous research hours have been devoted to the study of Cross-border

Assay of protein turnover using a bioluminescent reporter Essay

Assay of protein turnover using a bioluminescent reporter - Essay Example It is important for some proteins to have a short half-life but no others like clusterin because they have to control excessive growth of cells. Clusterin in this case controls prostate cancer cells (Rizzi, Caccamo, Belloni, & Bettuzzi, 2009). In designing an experiment using MetLUC to assay the efficacy of three compounds with respect to BF A, the first thing to consider is that the activity of BF A is known. The BF A would thus be used as the control variable (Schultz, Cegielski, & Hastings, 2005). Analysis of each of the three novel compounds would be done. This would be based on their respective signal sequence, in which each of them would be expressed in tissue culture cess. Comparison of how the MetLUC protein for each compound would be translocated to the ER and the resulting secretion into the medium in which the cells are growing would be done. The results of each would be compared to the known facts about the same experiment in BF A. Rizzi, F., Caccamo, A., Belloni, L., & Bettuzzi, S. (2009). Clusterin is a short half-life, poly-ubiquitinated protein, which controls the fate of prostate cancer cells. Journal of Cell Physioly, 19(2), 14-23. Schultz, L. L., Cegielski, M., & Hastings, J. (2005). Crystal structure of a pH-regulated luciferase catalyzing the bioluminescent oxidation of an open tetrapyrrole . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102 (5),

Drug Action On Gut Motility Biology Essay

Drug Action On Gut Motility Biology Essay Describe and explain the effect of field stimulation on ileum contraction? The experiment aims to determine the functional role of different drugs like morphine, atropine or naloxone on contraction of guinea pig ileum using transmural stimulation or acetylcholine applied exogenously. The transmural stimulation is given with an initial pulse width of 0.5ms, frequency 0.1Hz and gradually increasing the voltage until we get a measurable contraction. The transmural stimulation, given to the guinea pig ileum acts on enteric nervous system lining the gastrointestinal system controlling GIT , produces an action potential at the membrane causing depolarisation and permeable to calcium (ca+2) ion and leads to increase in ca+2 ion concentration through voltage gated ca +2 channel. This causes release of acetylcholine (ACh) at synaptic cleft, which are directed to bind with muscuranic (M3) receptors. These act by G- protein couple receptors mechanism. Gs Protein activates phospholipase C (PLC), catalysis the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides, (the phospholipids found within the cell membrane) generates two second messengers inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). These second messengers, influence the protein phosphorylation and effectively regulates the intracellular ca+2 concentration. The IP3 formed binds with the IP 3 receptor and control the release of ca+2 from intracellular store. The DAG mainly activates membr ance-bound protein kinase, protein kinase C (PKC) , have vast cellular distribution and phosphorylate different proteins and become reason for raised intracellular ca+2 concentration causing contraction. These two second messengers initiate the contraction of ileum by field stimulation. 2 . a . Molar concentration morphine Vs contractile response of field stimulated tissue (in mm) Table showing the contractile response (mm) of morphine on field stimulated guinea pig ileum at different molar concentrations Concentration of Morphine (M) Contractile response (mm) 1 -10-10 92 3 -10-10 91 1 -10-9 90 3 -10-9 88 1 -10-8 82 3 -10-8 64 1 -10-7 36 3 -10-7 30 1 -10-6 27 3 -10-6 26 1 -10-5 24 Fig .a. showing the effect of different concentrations of morphine on guinea pig ileum measuring contractile response in mm b. The logarithm of the molar concentration morphine Vs contractile response of field stimulated tissue (in mm) Table showing the different contractile response at varying logarithm of molar concentration of morphine on guinea pig ileum Log Concentration of Morphine (M) Contractile response (mm) -10 92 -9.522878745 91 -9 90 -8.522878745 88 -8 82 -7.522878745 64 -7 36 -6.522878745 30 -6 27 -5.522878745 26 -5 24 Fig. b. Graph showing the effect of log concentration of morphine on guinea pig ileum measuring contractile response (in mm) c. Molar concentration morphine Vs % relaxation of stimulated tissue. Table showing, the % relaxation of stimulated tissue at different molar concentration of morphine. Concentration of Morphine (M) Percentage relaxation of stimulated tissue (%) 1 -10-10 0 3 -10-10 1.086 1 -10-9 2.222 3 -10-9 4.347 1 -10-8 11.111 3 -10-8 30.434 1 -10-7 60.869 3 -10-7 67.391 1 -10-6 70.652 3 -10-6 71.739 1 -10-5 73.913 Fig. c . Graph showing the % relaxation of stimulated tissue of guinea pig ileum at different molar concentration of morphine. d. Molar concentration of acetylcholine Vs contractile response in unstimulated tissue (in mm) Table showing the contractile response of unstimulated tissue (in mm) at different molar concentration of acetylcholine (M) Molar concentration of Ach (M) Contractile Response (mm) 1 -10-8 17 3 -10-8 37 1 -10-7 49 3 -10-7 58 1 -10-6 59 3 -10-6 59 Fig. d. Graph showing the contractile response (in mm) on unstimulated tissue of guinea pig ileum at different concentration of acetylcholine e. The logarithm of the molar concentration acetylcholine Vs contractile response in unstimulated tissue (in mm) Table showing, contractile response (in mm) of unstimulated tissue at different concentrations of acetylcholine. Log Concentration of acetylcholine (M) Contractile Response (mm) -8 17 -7.522878745 37 -7 49 -6.522878745 58 -6 59 -5.522878745 59 Fig. e. Graph showing contractile response (in mm) of unstimulate tissue of guinea pig ileum at different log concentration of morphine. 3. Explain the effects of morphine on field stimulated-induced contractions and how/why this is affected by atropine and naloxone? Morphine is an opioid analgesic drug acts on opioid receptors. There are three major subgroups under opiod receptors:  µ (mu), ÃŽ ´ (delta) and ÃŽ º (kappa) receptors. Morphine mostly acts on  µ receptors. From the graph, during field stimulation-contraction, on addition of morphine of 0.1nM concentration it does not show any much effect initially, but on increasing concentration of morphine it shows gradual decrease in contractile response and sudden downfall of response by half from 100nM to 300nM and then stabilise with little varying response (in mm) in further concentration. This is due to, when morphine is added to the bath of field stimulated-induced contraction the activation of opioid receptors ( µ), via Gi- protein, which inhibits adenyly cyclase, thus decrease in cAMP formation, leading to closing of ca+2 channels and decrease in muscle contraction by inhibting release of ACh at synaptic region. Naloxone acts as competitive antagonist at  µ, ÃŽ ´, ÃŽ º receptors. It is also used as counter the overdose of opioid molecules. When naloxone is added to the field stimulated guinea pig ileum, which is having morphine of certain dose causing dose-dependent decrease in response. The naloxone, acts as competitive antagonist of morphine which replaces the morphine occupied at opioid receptors and reduces the available receptors for morphine to bind and leads to reversing the morphine effect towards field-stimulated contraction. So, the response increases gradually with increase in concentration of naloxone from 200nM to 1000nM and then 3000nM. This shows effective competitive antagonism of naloxone towards morphine activity. In case of atropine, the graph shows, on addition of atropine there is a slightly decrease in response initially and then gradually fall in response due to action of atropine as antagonist at Ach receptor, which occupies the M3 receptor and inhibits the contraction via G-protein receptor mechanism. 4. Explain the observed effects of morphine, naloxone and atropine an Ach-induced contractions and relate this to the effects on field stimulation. From the graph, we know that the morphine and naloxone do not show much significant effect on ACh-induced contraction on guinea pig ileum than field stimulated contratcion. But the atropine show a significant effect on ACh- induced contraction. During field stimulation, the morphine acts via Gi protien (adenyly cylase inhibition) and inhibits cAMP formation and decrease ca+2 concentration and effect the ACh release at synaptic cleft (endogenous). But in the ACh-induced contraction, ACh is available exogenous to occupy the M3 receptors and intiate contraction, showing morphine does not much effect its action as in graph it slightly inhibits just 0.4mm. Naloxone, act as opioid receptor antagonist, may not act on Muscarinic receptors, show no much effect on ACh-induced contraction as ACh in exogenous can direct act on M3 receptors as in graph and which is different in case of field stimulated contratile response, inhibits the morphine action and increases ACh at synaptic region producing significant contraction. Atropine, is a muscarinic (M3) receptor antagonist, the graph shows a significant effect on ACh-induced contractions by atropine. Atropine as competitive antagonist, added to bath occupies the M3 receptors much faster than ACh and inhibits its action, which inturn inhibits ileum contraction.

The Irrationality of Existence Essay -- Literature, Gilgamesh

One of the most fascinating traits of humanity is the tendency to reflect and to create art on the basis of that reflection. In the days before writing, cave paintings and the oral tradition of storytelling demonstrated ways that people expressed their feelings – taking the time after winning, even if only briefly, the struggle against the demands of subsistence to leave a product behind, for posterity. Even the earliest recorded examples of literature, such as The Epic of Gilgamesh, poignantly express the struggles that humanity faced when dealing with such abstractions like mortality and grief. The most recent bestseller books published last week may have cooler cover art and use figurative language more intricately than that ancient poem. But the anger and grief that Gilgamesh felt after a snake ate the plant of immortality was much greater and powerful. It was the plant he found after a long and bloody journey. Because of one careless moment when he stopped to take a quick dip in a pool, he lost it to the snake. The absurdity of life comes into high relief at this moment, and while the writings of Samuel Beckett, Joseph Heller and Sylvia Plath are just some of the many that express the same theme, none will be displayed more vividly than. Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, and Michael Seigneur de Montaigne’s Of Experience also mirror the irrationality of existence. These books suggest that what is important in life, and what gives life meaning is much more than what we are able to accumulate and acquire during our time on the planet; it is how we respond to what Hamlet would term the â€Å"slings and arrows of outrageous fortune† (Shakespeare). The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio was written in the 1350’s... ...es. Throughout European history, such movements as the Age of Reason and the Romantic Era represented different schools of thought as the way to find happiness and contentment in life. Boccaccio, Shelley, and Montaigne are just three of the many writers who have taken on this idea as a theme. Ironically, there may be as many answers to the question of finding the significance of life as the number of people trying to answer it. Works Cited Boccaccio, Giovanni, and George H. MacWilliam. The Decameron. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 2003. Print. Montaigne, Michel De. "Of Experience." Essays By Michel De Montaigne: 633-88. Print. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Web. Retrieved 4 December 2011 from http://www.online-literature.com/shakespeare/hamlet/ Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Joseph Pearce. Frankenstein. San Francisco: Ignatius, 2008. Print. The Irrationality of Existence Essay -- Literature, Gilgamesh One of the most fascinating traits of humanity is the tendency to reflect and to create art on the basis of that reflection. In the days before writing, cave paintings and the oral tradition of storytelling demonstrated ways that people expressed their feelings – taking the time after winning, even if only briefly, the struggle against the demands of subsistence to leave a product behind, for posterity. Even the earliest recorded examples of literature, such as The Epic of Gilgamesh, poignantly express the struggles that humanity faced when dealing with such abstractions like mortality and grief. The most recent bestseller books published last week may have cooler cover art and use figurative language more intricately than that ancient poem. But the anger and grief that Gilgamesh felt after a snake ate the plant of immortality was much greater and powerful. It was the plant he found after a long and bloody journey. Because of one careless moment when he stopped to take a quick dip in a pool, he lost it to the snake. The absurdity of life comes into high relief at this moment, and while the writings of Samuel Beckett, Joseph Heller and Sylvia Plath are just some of the many that express the same theme, none will be displayed more vividly than. Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, and Michael Seigneur de Montaigne’s Of Experience also mirror the irrationality of existence. These books suggest that what is important in life, and what gives life meaning is much more than what we are able to accumulate and acquire during our time on the planet; it is how we respond to what Hamlet would term the â€Å"slings and arrows of outrageous fortune† (Shakespeare). The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio was written in the 1350’s... ...es. Throughout European history, such movements as the Age of Reason and the Romantic Era represented different schools of thought as the way to find happiness and contentment in life. Boccaccio, Shelley, and Montaigne are just three of the many writers who have taken on this idea as a theme. Ironically, there may be as many answers to the question of finding the significance of life as the number of people trying to answer it. Works Cited Boccaccio, Giovanni, and George H. MacWilliam. The Decameron. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 2003. Print. Montaigne, Michel De. "Of Experience." Essays By Michel De Montaigne: 633-88. Print. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Web. Retrieved 4 December 2011 from http://www.online-literature.com/shakespeare/hamlet/ Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Joseph Pearce. Frankenstein. San Francisco: Ignatius, 2008. Print.

Global Strategy of Sony Ericsson Essay

In 2001, Sony Ericsson is established by the Japanese company Sony (a consumer electronics corporation) as a fifty-fifty joint venture with the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson (a mobile communications infrastructure and systems business) which offers mobile phones, accessories and applications. Before the merger, its provides expertise in mobile communication, after the merger, its provide both the consumer electronics and content expertise. In 2011, Sony Ericsson changes their global strategy by focusing more on high end smartphones. At the same times, Sony Ericsson will focus on their key markets, which is including the U.S., Russia, China and Germany. The transaction gives Sony focus on high end smartphones product includes their accessories and application that will lead to profitability and the growth of its business. However, the company facing new challenges in this dynamic changing environment, aggressive competition will affect the global market share of the company and it revenue. In 2012, Sony Ericsson becomes an end when Sony’s announcement that it will acquired 50 percent stake in Sony Ericsson, changed its name to Sony Mobile Communications AB (SMEC) let Sony Ericsson becomes an affiliated company of Sony Corporation (Sony). Sony is a multinational corporation, one of the most leading brand and its functions as designing, manufacturing, marketing mobiles phones and its accessories. With the announcement of acquisition, it will be a brand new start for Sony Ericsson to embark within the Sony family, expanded their marketing activities. Sony Ericsson use outsourcing for the customer interaction centre is another global strategy. This customer interaction centre is established to solve and meet all customer requirements and their problems, and at the same time reducing their cost for expansion.

Management; Organizational Change

Management; Organizational Change Change is one of the business practices that play a significant role in every organization. Change plays a pivotal role in determining the success of an organization. This is more so in the contemporary business world where the level of competition has increased significantly. The ability of a certain organization to handle change effectively has been the main driver in developing its competitiveness.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management; Organizational Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, change is usually faced by a number of complications. This is because change is usually faced by a high level of rejection from the people who are affected by such change. This follows the reason that change involves altering the daily arrangements and procedures of carrying out different operations. For instance, change can lead to reduction in operational costs. As a result, an organization can be able to under price their competitors. Change can also help in improving the quality of products and services produced. Again, this contributes in developing competitiveness. In this case, the change affects the employees. This involves the increment in the working hours followed by a slight increment in salary. This change can easily be welcomed by some but to others it is highly rejected. This change was driven by an increase in the demand after getting a new contract that was to begin in a couple of months. Change Management Plan and the Outcome Analysis As already noted, change is usually faced by a number of obstacles that tends to threaten its performance. In order to have an effective change process, it is therefore advisable to have a good plan that will promote change in an organization. As already noted, this change is likely to affect a number of activities in the organization. Therefore, it is necessary to have a good plan in order to overcome these obstacles. The human resource manag ers have an important role in facilitating change in an organization. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the human resource activities are driven towards change. According to Wilson (2005), human resource is the main agent of change in an organization. In a firm, both human and non human resources are of great significance for high performance. Although there are other non human equipments like machines, their effectiveness is significantly determined by the human resources. Human forces are the one that directs the production process and hence are major determinant of their effectiveness.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This implies that it is important to take into consideration the human resources while promoting change within an organization. It is the role of the human resource to ensure that any barriers to organizational change are overcome in order t o promote change. The outcome of this change process yielded positive results. Although there was some resistance at the beginning of the change project, it was finally successful. Every employee was cooperative and the expected results were achieved. The success of this project can be attributed to a number of factors. To start with, employees were coached on the benefit of the change process (both to them and to the organization). This helped the employees to realize the need for the proposed change. This cultivated cooperation among the employees in realizing change. Another strategy that contributed to the success of the change process is integration of employees in the change process. Employees were given a chance to contribute to the project. This developed a sense of ownership among the employees. Employees felt that they are valued and that they are part of this change. Therefore, there was an incentive for cooperation. Strategy Recommendations for Effective Change For Short -Term, Small-Scale, Long-Term, and Large-Scale Change Management Projects As already noted, it is important for every organization to have effective strategies in order to realize a successful change process; there is need to have effective change strategies for short-term, long-term, and large-scale change management projects. The design of the change project must be made in such a way that it addresses the appropriate changes within an organization (Cummings and Worley 2005). The general population in an organization should be considered as part of the change process. Everyone’s idea should be treated with respect. In order for the change process to be effective, it is advisable for the managers to have plan to the change. This may require the firm to carry out restructuring, making necessary innovation among other things.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management; Organizational Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to note that each member in an organization should be treated with respect and every person’s idea should be respected (Armenakis Harris 1993). The managers should also have a deep personal conviction in order to fully support the proposed strategies. Motivation is another important factor which can significantly improve the effectiveness of a change management project. When employees are motivated, they will become more committed to their respective duties because they believe that their hard work is recognized. When their efforts are recognized, employees will get a sense of identity with an organization. They will have a feeling of identification with the organization. They will somehow have a sense of ownership to an organization. Consequently, they will be committed to meet the organizational goals. Motivated employees will therefore tend to embrace change as they will believe that this change will bring about improvement in the organizatio n, which they have already identified with (Jansen, 2004). An organization has a wide range of change approaches that it can apply in its change process. These approaches play a significant role in managing change in change projects. One of the main approaches that can be used to manage change is top down- directive approach (Yazdani 2011). This is an approach where we have an autocratic boss who is responsible for making important decisions affecting change in an organization. His or her decision is the one that determines the course of actions taken. This implies that there is no room for open discussions since he is the only individual to decide. Therefore, there is no transparency in this method. However, this method is usually faster since there is no time wasted in conducting decisions. Another approach is the action centered method. This is a method where various solutions to a certain problem are tested to get the best. Therefore, this method is based on trial and error syst em. This method is good as it help an organization to achieve its optimum possible points. However, this approach suffers from the fact that it consumes a lot of time. There are forces that drive change in an organization. These forces play a significant role in facilitating the effectiveness of the change process in an organization. These forces are of great importance in driving change in an organization. There are two categories of change which promotes change within an organization.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These include external and internal factors. One of the factors that are necessary in organizational change is the organization’s urge to change. It is also important for an organization to have a belief that the business can perform better than what it is doing in the present. Therefore, it will be determined to embrace change within an organization. In some cases, an organization may be faced by much inefficiency that increases their operational costs (Ghiselli 1972). In this case, a need to improve the level of efficiency in an organization increases the need for organizational change. Change is also driven by the need for reorganization in order to have increased efficiency. Some of the external drivers to change include the uncertainty of economic situations and therefore a need to have preparation for such uncertainties (Carzo and Yanouzas 1969). In the contemporary market, consumers need for quality services and quality products is increasing. This forces organizations to adopt change. High level of competition is also a major motivation to change in order to retain competitiveness. According to Varelas (2005), even minor changes in an organization does not always invite embrace from employees; it requires necessary concentration from the human resources. Any attempt by the management to make changes is likely to nurture anxiety among the employees. Even a slight change can cause a great complication in an organization (Wallerstein 1993). This is because different people have varying levels of sensitivity to changes. Some people are very sensitive even to slight changes. Therefore, it is necessary to have good planning of any changes in an organization in order to avoid such inadequacies. It is also important to explain to employees how the new changes will look like. Employees need to be informed about the impacts of changes in an organization. It is also necessary to inform employees on how they will benefit from these changes. This will reduce the chances of rejection hence promoting the success of an organization. Another way through which changes can be promoted in an organization is through motivation (Meier and Loewenbein 2003). Motivation can be defined as the set of reasons which affects one’s decisions to engage themselves in particular behaviors. When employees are motivated, they will become more committed to their respective duties because they believe that their hard work is recognized. They will be motivated to work harder in order to maximize the returns of an organization. When their efforts are recognized, employees will get a sense of identity with an organization. They will somehow have sense of ownership to an organization. Consequently, they will be committed to meet the organizational goals. In the long run, the organization’s profitability will increase from the increased employee productivity. Therefore, when employees are motivated, they will be ready to embrace any change which they believe will contribute to the improvement in the organization’s performance (Jansen, 2004). In conclusion, this discussion has clearly shown that change is a critical process in every organization. Change process is usually faced with rejection because it involves several changes, which affect the normal arrangements in an organization. It may also involve slight changes in the organization’s culture. Therefore, there is need to have effective change projects in order to promote change process in an organization. Reference List Armenakis, A. Harris, S. (1993). Creating Readiness for Organizational Change. Human Relations June 1993 46: 681-703. Carzo, R. and Yanouzas, J. Effects of Flat and Tall Organization Structure. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 2, Laboratory Studies of Experimental Organizations, 1969, pp. 178-191. Ghiselli, E. Leadership and Managerial Success In Tall and Flat Organization Structures. Pemonnei. Psychology, 1972, 25, 617-624. Cumm ings, T. and Worley, C. (2005). Organization Development and Change. Mason, OH: InfoTrac College. Jansen, K. (2004). From Persistence to Pursuit: A Longitudinal Examination of Momentum during the Early Stages of Strategic Change. Organization Science; 15: 276-294. Meier, H. and Loewenbein, O. 2003. Changing Roles in the Organisation of Companies; Demographics and Project Management Demand Hybrid Skills. ISSN 1392-1142, Sisteminian Tyrimai: 2003.28. Varelas, E. (2005). Driving Organizational Change. Retrieved from http://archive.boston.com/jobs/hire_authority/110705.shtml Wallerstein, N. (1993). Empowerment and health: The theory and practice of community change. Community Dev J 28 (3): 218-227. Wilson, J. (2005). Human Resource Development: Learning Training For Individuals Organizations. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Yazdani, B. et al. (2011). Factors affecting the Empowerment of Employees (An Empirical Study): European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 20, Number 2.

List of the Largest Cities in India

List of the Largest Cities in India India is one of the largest countries in the world, with a population of 1,210,854,977  as of the  countrys 2011 census, which predicts that the population will rise to higher than 1.5 billion in 50 years. The country is formally called the Republic of India, and it occupies most of the Indian subcontinent in the southern portion of Asia. It is second in total population only to China. India is the worlds largest democracy and is one of the worlds fastest-growing countries. The country has a fertility rate of 2.46; for context, a replacement fertility rate (no net change in a countrys population) is 2.1. Its growth is attributed to  urbanization and increasing levels of literacy, though it  is, however, still considered a developing nation.   India covers an area of 1,269,219 square miles (3,287,263 sq km) and  is divided into 28 different states and seven union territories. Some of the capitals of these states and territories are the largest cities in both India and the world. The following is a list of the top 20 largest metropolitan areas in India, as of the countrys 2011 census.   India's Largest Metropolitan Areas 1) Mumbai: 18,414,288State: Maharashtra2) Delhi: 16,314,838Union Territory: Delhi 3) Kolkata: 14,112,536State: West Bengal 4) Chennai: 8,696,010State: Tamil Nadu 5) Bangalore: 8,499,399State: Karnataka6) Hyderabad: 7,749,334State: Andhra Pradesh7) Ahmedabad: 6,352,254State: Gujarat8) Pune: 5,049,968State: Maharashtra9) Surat: 4,585,367State: Gujarat 10) Jaipur: 3,046,163State: Rajasthan11) Kanpur: 2,920,067State: Uttar Pradesh12) Lucknow: 2,901,474State: Uttar Pradesh13) Nagpur: 2,497,777State: Maharashtra 14) Indore: 2,167,447State: Madhya Pradesh15) Patna: 2,046,652State: Bihar 16) Bhopal: 1,883,381State: Madhya Pradesh 17) Thane: 1,841,488State: Maharashtra 18) Vadodara:  1,817,191State: Gujarat 19) Visakhapatnam:  1,728,128State: Andhra Pradesh 20) Pimpri-Chinchwad: 1,727,692 State: Maharashtra India's Largest Cities Proper When city population does not include the outlying metropolitan area, the ranking is slightly different, though the top 20 are still the top 20, no matter how you slice it.  But its useful to know if the figure youre searching for is the city itself or the city plus its suburbs and which figure is represented in the source you find.   1) Mumbai:  12,442,373 2) Delhi:  11,034,555 3) Bangalore:  8,443,675 4) Hyderabad:  6,731,790 5) Ahmedabad:  5,577,940 6) Chennai:  4,646,732 7) Kolkata:  4,496,694 8) Surat:  4,467,797 9) Pune:  3,124,458 10) Jaipur:  3,046,163 11) Lucknow:  2,817,105 12) Kanpur:  2,765,348 13) Nagpur:  2,405,665 14) Indore:  1,964,086 15) Thane:  1,841,488 16) Bhopal:  1,798,218 17) Visakhapatnam:  1,728,128 18) Pimpri-Chinchwad:  1,727,692 19) Patna:  1,684,222 20) Vadodara:  1,670,806 2015 Estimates The CIA World Factbook lists more current estimates (2015) for the five largest metropolitan areas:  New Delhi  (capital), 25.703 million; Mumbai, 21.043 million; Kolkata, 11.766 million; Bangalore, 10.087 million; Chennai, 9.62 million; and Hyderabad, 8.944 million.

What is Action Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

What is Action Research - Essay Example What lies at the core of this research methodology is the use of scientific study and the researcher ensures that the overall intervention is properly backed up by the theoretical considerations. Due to its very nature, action research therefore can have many applications in real life and within organizational set up too. Organizations can easily use action research to find creative and innovative solutions to their most pressing problems and engage various stakeholders to find out solutions which can help organizations to become more efficient and cost effective. Action research can also play significant role in organizational development and employee’s professional life. It can easily be used in various situations by the employees as well as the managers to overcome organizational problems and achieve the required objectives of the organization. Through following a systematic process of action research, individuals as well as organizations can actually solve their real life problems. This paper will discuss as to what action research is, what its various stages are and how it can actually be used in real life by citing different examples. What is Action Research? As mentioned above, action research is also known by different names including participatory research, collaborative research, action learning etc. Most of different names however, are considered as different variations of the same theme. Action research aims to achieve dual objectives of using practical concerns in solving the problems and on the other hand to further the goals of social science also. As such, in action research, researchers not only aim to tackle the system but also collaborate with people related with the system to change in the desired direction. (Mcniff) The critical difference between this type of research and other types of research is the use of scientific study. While conducting action research, researcher has to base assertions on the theoretical consideration and as such most of the time spent by researchers is on perfecting the methodological tools to better suit the situation being investigated. Action research also seems to challenge the social science research which is mostly based upon sampling by adapting a robust process of conducting research. Action research therefore focuses on continuous process of theorizing and collecting data and making inquiry in the midst of new and emerging structures as a result of the steps taken at the various stages of research. (Whitehead and McNiff) Stages of Action Research There are three critical stages of action research which are: Planning This is the stage of preliminary diagnosis and data gathering as research actively engages into gathering of data and planning for finding out what actually the problem is and how to tackle it properly. This is also called the input stages as at this stage it is felt that there is something out of control and organization should share the same with the researchers and consultants to actively participate into the process of finding out what is actually wrong at the given point in time. Feedback by the researcher is also sought at this stage of the action research. Action Stage This stage is also called transformation stage as it is this stage that the actual learning starts to take place. Actions regarding learning processes are undertaken in order to define action steps and do the action planning. This stage is also considered as the changing stage as it is at this stage that the actual change process is initiated. Result Phase This phase is the final phase and is also called the

Segmentation and Target Market Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Segmentation and Target Market Paper - Essay Example It’s phenomenal to hold the Internet in your hands† (Stone, 2010). What is catching about this statement is the idea of holding the Internet in one’s hands. Nowadays, the businesses and even many individuals are relying on the Internet for so many obvious reasons, may it be social, political, environmental and economic concerns. In the past, Apple is known to choose for important segment market, one that is growing and profitable. Apple continuously targets the high-end users coming from the business and consumer segments of the market (Bott, 2014). According to a marketing research, in 2012, the average household income of the users of Mac computers is $98,560 (Mattioli, 2012). In addition to the said finding, the users of Mac computers tend to be younger, around 41 percent of them are 34 years and younger. Today, teenagers are considered to be one of the vital users of Apple products due to the advent of social media and modern music and social engagement online. Psychographic wise, it is clear that Apple has a branding strategy that focuses on emotion. From the privilege speeches of Jobs, the Apple brand has been clearly synonymous to lifestyle. Along with this, Apple has remarkably integrated the modern concept of technology into passion, dreams, innovation and so on. On the other hand, Apple’s retail stores are remarkably present in various cities around the world with substantial number of population. This is relevant to its geographic segmentation strategy in order to optimize sale and ensure profit or sustainable marketing operation in the long term. On the ground of behavioural segmentation, it is clear that Apple remarkably divided the customers based on how they behave towards its product offerings. As stated, there are two general categories of users for Apple product offerings: the business and individual consumer. Those targets in the business industry engaged purely in commerce and other relevant