Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - The Witches and Lady Macbeth :: Free Essay Writer

Influence of the Witches and Lady Macbeth The last person you would expect to encourage you to commit a crime would be your wife. Macbeth is motivated by his wife and by three Witches and gradually becomes more ruthless, evil, and murderous as the play progresses. Lady Macbeth is first introduced in Act1 Scene 5: reading a letter receives from Macbeth describing the encounter with the Witches, and the prophecies which they given him. Lady Macbeth is very ambitious; believes that Macbeth is too kind and loyal to take the steps needed to become king. "Yet do I fear thy nature; it is too full o’ the milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way." Lady Macbeth uses the weaknesses of Macbeth to convince him to kill King Duncan: she challenges his manhood "When you durst do it, then you were a man." "Thou esteem’st the ornament of life and live a coward in thine own esteem." She tries to make him feel guilt: Macbeth promised to kill Duncan he changes his mind. "What beast was’t, then that made break this enterprise to me" In Macbeth the Witches are shown as being evil, conniving, and cruel. "Here I have a pilot’s thumb, wreck’d, as homeward he did come." The Witches play a major role in convincing Macbeth to kill Duncan. They give Macbeth and Bonquo three prophecies: "all hail Macbeth hail to thee, thane of Cawdor" "all hail, Macbeth that shalt be king hereafter" "thou shalt get kings, though be none." Bonquo doesn’t take these prophecies seriously, but Macbeth shows some ambition for power. "If chance will have me king, why, chance will crown me." Macbeth becomes more dependent to the Witches. In Act 4 scene 1 Macbeth returns to the weird sisters, demanding what the future would bring. The Witches gave him three prophecies: "Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff, beware the thane of Fife." "none of woman born shall harm Macbeth" "Macbeth shall never vanquish’d be until Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane hill." As the play goes on Macbeth turns for the worse. He becomes more ruthless, evil, and murderous. After killing Duncan, Macbeth feels remorse and guilt. "To know my deed, ‘twere best not know myself. Wake Duncan with thy knocking! I would thou could’st." Not being able to return to Duncans room and place the knives is a show of weakness and remorse.

Cultural Heritage Tourism

Tourism is one of the principal economic activities in the world and ‘Cultural Tourism’ is a rapidly expanding part of this industry. According to the OEA â€Å"Culture contributes considerably to the countries economies†, therefore many economies in different countries have been using this as a mechanism to increase their economies. Within the general tourism industry, many countries are seeing the benefits of using â€Å"Cultural Tourism† as a key area of attraction.They achieve this by developing historical sites and activities that have formed part of their heritage. This can include buildings, communities, people, and notable traditions. The promotion of Cultural tourism is a way of retaining the economic characteristics of the heritage sites. It is also seen as an important factor for the development of the national and regional economies by generating social development in all its aspects (ICOMOS 12th General Assembly, 1999).As well as being used to as a mechanism to develop regional economies by attracting tourists to heritage sites and the surrounding areas, Cultural Tourism is forms an important part of a countries national tourism economy. Its aim is to attract those tourists who have a deep inner necessity to get to know new places with history, by enabling them to feel part of the place they are visiting. The cultural heritage tourist wants to connect himself or herself with history and experience how the world developed in the particular area they are visiting (Cultural heritage tourism Guide, 2000).Since cultural heritage tourism caught the eye of the economists a decade ago, there have been many economic studies developed to measure the impact that this activity has in the regions where the heritage tourism is practiced (Toselli, C. , 2006). Part of the reason for this is because the tourist who is engaged in historic and cultural tourist activities spends more time and money in the area visited, engaging in more activ ities than other kinds of tourist would (Travel Industry Association of America citation by Hargrove, M. , 2002), making this kind of tourism a profitable activity for the regions, communities and historical places.As a result of these studies it can be assumes that with a greater concentration of cultural heritage tourism there would be the benefit of an increment of profitability for the cultural and tourism industry creating employment in the heritage communities, cities and countries. Within this study I will be concentrating my work on the â€Å"International American Renaissance and Baroque Music Festival â€Å"Misiones de Chiquitos. † This is a prime example of various cultural activities in areas that are rich in culture.The location of this festival is in the Jesuit Mission region in the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. This region has 6 towns in which the six world’s famous Jesuit churches were built and which were designated World heritage sites by the UNESCO in 1990 (UNESCO, 2006). The festival was founded in 1996 and it is celebrated every other year in the towns of the Jesuit region (APAC , 2005). The festival is unique in the region because of the baroque American music that they offer to the tourist. This is part of a unique selection of original musical partitures from decades ago (see Appendix figure 1).The venue for the performing of the music concerts are the 6 historical churches which were built between 1669 and 1760 which still maintain the glory from the past (La Gran Chiquitania, 2006). Aim The aim of this research is to review and analyze the future marketing strategy, which APAC is developing for the International American Renaissance and Baroque Music Festival â€Å"Misiones de Chiquitos† in order to promote the festival internationally. In particular, the intention is to assess how this relates to the way in which the success in marketing of previous festivals has been perceived by the hoteliers and T our operators.The purpose of this is to identify areas of concern to be addressed and to recommend ways in which the present marketing strategy can be optimized in order to increase the economic growth of the festival and the heritage sites. Objectives †¢ Identify the type of tourist cultural heritage festivals attract and analyze their expectations. †¢ Identify and analyze the logistic work that the festival has and how it could be improved. †¢ Review the logistics of the Tour Operators and hoteliers; their capability to cater for tourist expectations, addressing ways those shortfalls can be eliminated or reduced.†¢ Determine the marketing strategy that the festival should use to attract tourist by identifying tourist demand segmentation of it. Literature Review With an increasing number of countries and regions seeking to capitalize on their heritage as a way of attracting growth in tourism and the economic benefit that this brings, it is important for the oper ators of historical sites and festivals to have a complete understanding of the consumer, the product they are offering and the ways that product should be marketed. The consumer in this instance is not an average holidaymaker.There is a specific historical purpose to both the design and purpose of their holiday. This has been best described by Robert Stebbins (1996), when he observed that â€Å"Cultural tourism is a genre of special interest tourism based on the search for and participation in new and deep cultural experiences, whether aesthetic, intellectual, emotional, or psychological†(Robert Stebbins 1996). Today an increasing number of tourists are moving away from the concept of pre-packaged sun and leisure breaks. It is estimated that around twenty percent or tourists now put the arts, culture and history among their top five reasons from traveling.In America alone, cultural tourism rose by 13% between 1996 and 2003, (TIA 2003). As Garrion Keillor (1995) commented, â €Å"They come for our culture: high culture, low culture, middle culture, right, left, real or imagined — they come here to see America. † As a result of this increase in demand, partially fueled by the advent of Internet access and the increase in accessibility to global travel brought about by reductions in travel costs, more and more countries are converting their historical sites and festivals into tourist centers.With more competition comes the need for effective marketing. In terms of the travel industry this is defined as â€Å"The process of identifying and reaching specific segments of a population for the purposes of selling them a product or service. † (Home Travel Agency 2006) There has been a number of studies regarding the marketing of Cultural Heritage in general and of more relevance to this paper, the marketing of historical music festivals and their destinations in particular.The marketing of Cultural Heritage sites is a subject that has to be dealt with in a sensitive manner, as many writers have acknowledged. Rowan Yorke and Uzi Baram (2004) have compiled a number of studies relating to popular cultural sites worldwide, which deal with the interrelationship that exists between the commercial and political aspect of historical sites, including balancing the importance of archaeology against profit. However, careful marketing can, if properly constructed and programmed, successfully promote the site.It is vitally important when designing a marketing program to advance the qualities and attractions of the site in a way that will bring it to the forefront of the travelers mind, making it more relevant and notable to them than sites of a similar nature. To achieve this, one must use the particular qualities of its historical value to target the appropriate market. This is particularly relevant in terms of the festival subject being studied within this paper. Most researchers feel that Festivals take on a special significance .In her book on the subject of cultural destination, Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara (1998) says, â€Å"Festivals are cultural performances par excellence. Their boundaries discernible in time and space† There are numerous musical and other festivals being held throughout the world, from the historical to the modern day; from popular to classic; from era to religious based. With such intensity of competition, the importance of marketing festivals nationally and internationally becomes paramount.In the case of the â€Å"International American Renaissance and Baroque Music Festival â€Å"Misiones de Chiquitos. † Marketing would need to be aware of two levels, marketing of the destination and marketing of the festival itself. Nigel Morgan et al (2001) suggest that destination branding gives marketers the ability to address one of the most important aspect of the special event, namely how appropriate is the destination itself. As we have seen festivals that are correctly p ortrayed which means dealing with the political, cultural and social side successfully can bring economic benefits.To successfully market a musical festival one has to first evaluate what genre the music fits into together with its historical and geographical position, then look to the target audience, in order to give an organized structure to the marketing program. (Johnny Allen (2001) As a result of this review it can be seen that we need to look at the type of cultural tourist, their musical tastes together with the historical and religious background, musically and destination based, of the festival itself. References Allen, Johnny (2005) Festival and Special Event Management. John Wiley & Sons Douglas, Norman (2001). Special Interest Tourism.John Wiley & Sons (Australia) Ltd. Factsheet. (2005) Welcome to APAC Festivals. Retrieved 14 July 2006 from http://www. festivalesapac. com/site/index. php? module=ContentExpress&file=index&func=display&ceid=27&newlang=eng Fleming, Ronald Lee. (1989). If walls could talk: Telling the story of a historic building to create a market edge. National Trust for Historic Preservation Home Travel Agency (2006) Define marketing. Retrieved 15 July 2006 from http://www. hometravelagency. com/dictionary/marketing. html Keillor, Garrison. (1995) Address to White House Conference on Travel and Tourism. Retrieved from http://www. nasaa-arts.org/artworks/cultour. shtml#travmar Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara. (1998). Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums and Heritage. University of California Press Morgan, Nigel. Pritchard, Annette. And Pride Rogers. (2001) Destination Branding: Creating the Unique Destination Proposition. Butterworth-Heinemann Rowan, Yorke and Baram, Uzi eds. (2004) Marketing Heritage: Archaeology and the consumption of the past. AltaMira Press Stebbins, Robert. (1996). Cultural Tourism as Serious Leisure. Annals of Tourism Research. Vol. 23, October, p. 948-950. The Charter Ethos. (1999) Managing tourism at places of heritage significance.International Tourism Charter 12th General Assembly. Travel Industry Association of America Travelscope survey (2003). TheHistoric/Cultural Traveler, 2003 edition. TIA and Smithsonian Magazine Unesco. (2006) World Heritage List. Retrieved 14 July 2006 from http://www. thesalmons. org/lynn/world. heritage. html Appendix Figure 1 Part of an original 17th century paper sheet of music used in the Missions of Chiquitos. The work by Domenico Zipoli from Prato, close to Florence is part of an extensive collection preserved by Bolivian specialists. This fragment is from Ave Maria Stella a Vespers hymn sung on Feasts of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

The Abstract Of Figurative Language Essay - 1674 Words

Context is Everything It is clear that as representational theory opposes enactive theory, so does modernism oppose postmodernism. The question is: Which is more accurate? To this question, I turn to poetry. Poetry (and other forms of art) are able to take words that are pragmatically nonsense and create a sense of meaning out of them. Of course, I am making sweeping generalizations of poetry, and not all poems are pragmatic nonsense so I must clarify. When I speak of poetry and art, I am speaking specifically about the figurative language used within them--language that disallows its readers to create internal representations. Going by representational theory, and a modernist approach, figurative language in poetry would fail to be perceived and would not present its â€Å"unique truth,† and thus be â€Å"bad art.† The representational theory states that for every unique object there is a unique perception, and thus it follows the modernist approach that words (object/signifier) have a singular significance (perception). In representational theory, the context of the words and the subject’s knowledge of prior things that are similar to the object does not influence the perception of the object. The word and its meaning are independent of the subject’s prior knowledge (culture), and the object’s context (environment). The figurative language would fail to be perceived because the words presented in figurative language are nonliteral and do not carry meaning outside of the poem, andShow MoreRelatedFigurative Language And The Language1305 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomena, one of which is figurative language. It is a person’s way to saturate the mind with profound thoughts centered around its meaning. It has an interesting background, covers a wide array of literary devices, is applied within different types of writing, and people employ these devices within their daily language. Figurative language is a constructive way to communicate ideas using expressions, unlike its opposite idea which is literal interpretations. â€Å"Figurative language, in comparison, usesRead MoreThe Life Of Gold Rain By Langston Hughes, An African American Poet During The Mid 1900 S858 Words   |  4 Pagesno life. So even though rain and winter do come, sorrow comes, their silver lining is spring, new life and new hope and joy. Some elements of poetry used in this poem are, imagery, figurative language and rhythm. Imagery is language that connects the reader to the poem using the five senses and even ideas for abstract thought. In â€Å"In Time of Silver Rain† imagery is used often. Langston Hughes uses it to make you use your five senses, smell the rain and blossoming flowers. See the vibrant colors ofRead MoreThe Influnce of Figurative Idioms in English Language1017 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: Figurative idioms paly an important role in English language. They represent the national culture and they are the core in language. The fgurative meaning and unity of idiom make the language colourful and vivid. Keywords: Figurative idiom; English language; Unity With the continual development of human society, language is developing as a tool which of people using it to express thoughts and communicate with each other. In all the elements of language, the change ofRead MoreLanguage Study: English1203 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿At a first approximation, language means any system of symbolic signs used for social intercommunication, that is to say, any system of signs which serves to express and communicate ideas and feelings and content of consciousness. Below are a few examples: Idiom is a faulty style construction of language, which can give rise to ambiguity, multivocality, confusion. Example: Sick as a dog. Analogy is the correspondence and resemblance between two or more events, objects, concepts; it can be theRead MorePoem Analysis : Alone By Maya Angelou907 Words   |  4 Pagesand poet Maya Angelou created a poem called â€Å"Alone.† In this poem, the title speaks for itself by warning you to not live life alone because it leads to unhappiness. The poem, â€Å"Alone† by Maya Angelou uses poetic devices diction, imagery, and figurative language to express the theme â€Å"No one can make it in this world alone and have happiness.† In summary, the poem â€Å"Alone â€Å" by Maya Angelou is about the speaker warning all human race to beware of this life living of being alone. No one can live in thisRead MoreFigurative Language Essays1135 Words   |  5 PagesFigurative Language and Imagery ENG 340 Creative Writing Whenever you describe something by comparing it with something else, you are using figurative language. Figurative language is the use of language to describe something by comparing it to something else. It serves many linguistic purposes. It allows people to express abstract thoughts. It creates tone and communicates emotional content. The ability to use figurative language in writing can make a poem or story more enjoyable for the readerRead MoreCritical Thinking Assignment 2 Essay855 Words   |  4 Pages#2 Critical Thinking Critical Thinking – Assignment #2 In any story there are two types of language, figurative and literal. Language is, of course a necessary factor of any story. Without Language, an author could not tell the story. The author usually uses a combination of these two languages. Together, these languages characterize the author’s style. Literal language means exactly what is says, literal. It employs the primary meaning of a term or expression. It is actualRead MoreA Reflection in Sylvia Plaths Mirror1013 Words   |  5 Pagesmirror she is (pg 156). Plath develops the character of the mirror, and the woman this mirror observes, through the personification of the mirror. Plath’s Mirror, maneuvers through figurative language, free verse form, personification, and metaphor. The primary language of Mirror is figurative. Figurative language is defined by Clugston (2010) as â€Å"the use of words in ways they are not normally used in order to create a distinct imaginative effect or impression† (10.3). â€Å"I am silver and exactRead MoreAnalysis of William Faulkners Nobel Prrize of Literarure Speech1012 Words   |  5 PagesStockholm on December 10, 1950, Faulkner uses a powerful tone and effective rhetorical devices to convey his purpose. In his Nobel Prize of Literature acceptance speech, William Faulkner utilizes rhetorical devices such as persuasive appeals, figurative language, syntax, tone, and diction to aid in his effectiveness of his speech. In his speech Faulkner employs ethos and pathos throughout it. In the beginning, he starts his speech by using ethos, speaking of his work and him separately, showing heRead MoreMaxine A Daughter Leaving Home, By Linda Pastan1034 Words   |  5 Pagesof love. Love is an intense feeling of deep affection. Both of these poems exhibit a tough love and show excellent examples of concrete images and figurative language. Along with love, they also show a new meaning of beauty and nature. The poem â€Å"To a Daughter Leaving Home,† by Linda Pastan, showed a great deal of concrete images and figurative language. There was a slight conflict towards the end of the poem, especially when it said, â€Å"I kept waiting/ For the thud of your crash as I/ Sprinted to catch